{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 69, "metadata": { "id": "wRInyZwMAFjD" }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "a = 1" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 70, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "WCVXpW1AAFfy", "outputId": "4edad6e1-c215-475a-a1f3-643ac76cc93e" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "1" ] }, "execution_count": 70, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "a" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 71, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "wJbEdg_6AFci", "outputId": "114b6e55-cb82-4ea3-a9b4-d6c3317f839a" }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "1\n" ] } ], "source": [ "print(a)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 72, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "Y8dLucjCAFZb", "outputId": "12501770-93ea-44d1-caf1-1b04d89f28a0" }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "Hello world\n" ] } ], "source": [ "print(\"Hello world\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 73, "metadata": { "id": "9WOspGbKAFWJ" }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# Factorial function: iterative\n", "def fact(n):\n", " result = 1\n", " while n > 1:\n", " result = result * n\n", " n = n - 1\n", "\n", " return result" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 74, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "WybNYaddAFTC", "outputId": "72599744-0d2d-4343-a072-7a35e239eed7" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "93326215443944152681699238856266700490715968264381621468592963895217599993229915608941463976156518286253697920827223758251185210916864000000000000000000000000" ] }, "execution_count": 74, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "fact(100)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 75, "metadata": { "id": "yYqUeru8AFP4" }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# Factorial function: iterative\n", "def fact(n):\n", " if n == 0:\n", " return 1\n", " return n * fact(n - 1)\n", "\n", " return result" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 76, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "2NS4JDpRAFMx", "outputId": "3187c6c4-600f-4bac-cb7b-0f955152ac40" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "93326215443944152681699238856266700490715968264381621468592963895217599993229915608941463976156518286253697920827223758251185210916864000000000000000000000000" ] }, "execution_count": 76, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "fact(100)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 77, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "H52VNQkIAFJj", "outputId": "dd7302e5-dc9c-4d93-9915-12fbd1cdbbe6" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "function" ] }, "execution_count": 77, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "type(fact)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 78, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "qDINA2hPAFGi", "outputId": "c57fc31a-e49d-4172-f5b6-54f5eaabc03a" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "float" ] }, "execution_count": 78, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "a = 0.1\n", "type(a)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 79, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "MODsy-t4AFDZ", "outputId": "606ba19a-bb58-48ae-f6f8-39462798e7b5" }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "0.9999999999999999\n" ] } ], "source": [ "a = 0.1\n", "sum = 0\n", "for _ in range(10):\n", " sum = sum + a\n", "print(sum)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 80, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "zvjMRu6FAFAJ", "outputId": "f3d6b533-ac04-4e98-d820-0236c64b8705" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "float" ] }, "execution_count": 80, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "type(a)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 81, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "gXmh7fPIAE8x", "outputId": "5dba391e-0144-4254-a2e1-c3b0d467e9ac" }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "0.1\n" ] } ], "source": [ "print(a)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 82, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/", "height": 35 }, "id": "HLB96cBWAE5S", "outputId": "5501571b-2631-430a-b508-5287c25236f3" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "'a is really 0.10000000000000000555'" ] }, "execution_count": 82, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "# Formatted string\n", "f\"a is really {a : .20f}\"" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 83, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "EXoGht-pAEHy", "outputId": "e161e83e-e842-4293-881f-968db00dd701" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]" ] }, "execution_count": 83, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "list(range(10))" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 84, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "vkQCR5U8GFBG", "outputId": "e1277ac4-e572-4787-806c-ea58166d9a30" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]" ] }, "execution_count": 84, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "list(range(1, 10))" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 85, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "JdgjBl-gGFKG", "outputId": "b41e1e48-9f09-49a4-ff1d-77673d987ccc" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]" ] }, "execution_count": 85, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "list(range(1, 10, 2))" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 86, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "hDFeRMsBGFNf", "outputId": "d7d5b51d-9f2c-40db-bf04-aa0f4e79c797" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "list" ] }, "execution_count": 86, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "l = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n", "type(l)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 87, "metadata": { "id": "mZakWtFfGFQe" }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "l = list(range(20))" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 88, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "3Cm2xoVBGFTl", "outputId": "d6c121ac-4ef4-4260-9aab-b161afdad07a" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]" ] }, "execution_count": 88, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "l" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 89, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "x8zqawGPGFWo", "outputId": "cd40729c-4f9c-448d-b815-94006c2f4747" }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]\n" ] } ], "source": [ "l = l[2:11]\n", "print(l)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 90, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "lUhrswm-GFZ1", "outputId": "52d34420-7169-433f-a5a2-1dd7450a4119" }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "[4, 6, 8, 10]\n" ] } ], "source": [ "l = l[2:11:2]\n", "print(l)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 91, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "VnTf_Sb5GFc-", "outputId": "c681a69e-2dd9-432d-bce7-ba9cc2f1a40a" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "[6, 8, 10]" ] }, "execution_count": 91, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "l[1:len(l)]" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 92, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "XRqpmku7GFfv", "outputId": "78937495-33e0-4f03-d2a5-995d15526088" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "[6, 8, 10]" ] }, "execution_count": 92, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "l[1:]" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 93, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "Ql3ej5yGGFim", "outputId": "21399e5c-bc59-46ae-8880-274e7830407c" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "[4, 6, 8, 10]" ] }, "execution_count": 93, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "l" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 94, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "NMZRBSPSGFlu", "outputId": "791d4476-c75b-4585-93ef-ae4786f1a06c" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "[4, 6, 8]" ] }, "execution_count": 94, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "l[:3]" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 95, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "iprzaTAoGFpX", "outputId": "ec6228c0-1e97-43be-8aba-fddf3b63a169" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "[4, 6, 8, 10]" ] }, "execution_count": 95, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "l[:]" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 96, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "DKRE_HduH88i", "outputId": "9b678532-4247-4681-ec6b-1c01e63707c8" }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "[10, 8, 6, 4]\n" ] } ], "source": [ "lnew = l[::-1]\n", "print(lnew)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 97, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "bkp65kesH9FR", "outputId": "853ccdad-90eb-4c54-cb15-3b48f9bbb1e9" }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "[10, 10, 6, 4]\n" ] } ], "source": [ "lnew[1] = 10\n", "print(lnew)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 98, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "pYBurfdDH9Ip", "outputId": "30972f03-208c-45c2-f60d-c75cd30b1c1d" }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "[4, 6, 8, 10]\n" ] } ], "source": [ "print(l)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 99, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "qXP5fQoNH9Lq", "outputId": "21b8846b-7333-4df8-e3df-d95aa246686b" }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "[4, 6, 8, 8.5]\n" ] } ], "source": [ "l[3] = 8.5\n", "print(l)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 100, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "oVoaGjmOH9Or", "outputId": "dd141fd2-117a-4678-af46-8721839b2d72" }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "['charlotte', 6, 8, 8.5]\n" ] } ], "source": [ "l[0] = 'charlotte'\n", "print(l)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 101, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "upA84LfQH9R6", "outputId": "d14e3ebc-fdf2-4cc1-9754-f7c666369486" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "tuple" ] }, "execution_count": 101, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "t = (1, 3, 5, 5)\n", "type(t)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 102, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/", "height": 141 }, "id": "-D_s3nBuH9U7", "outputId": "cdb71f34-768d-4b5b-f6dd-ae816a76d91f" }, "outputs": [ { "ename": "TypeError", "evalue": "'tuple' object does not support item assignment", "output_type": "error", "traceback": [ "\u001b[31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[39m", "\u001b[31mTypeError\u001b[39m Traceback (most recent call last)", "\u001b[36mCell\u001b[39m\u001b[36m \u001b[39m\u001b[32mIn[102]\u001b[39m\u001b[32m, line 2\u001b[39m\n\u001b[32m 1\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# Python tuples are immutable\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[32m----> \u001b[39m\u001b[32m2\u001b[39m \u001b[43mt\u001b[49m\u001b[43m[\u001b[49m\u001b[32;43m0\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m]\u001b[49m = \u001b[32m0\u001b[39m\n", "\u001b[31mTypeError\u001b[39m: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment" ] } ], "source": [ "# Python tuples are immutable\n", "t[0] = 0" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 103, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "SkQAvyfaH9YD", "outputId": "5a55c77b-4d68-4886-ef61-ca18d8f4e05d" }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "(1, 2, 3)\n" ] } ], "source": [ "a = 1, 2, 3\n", "print(a)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 104, "metadata": { "id": "l-DijU97H9bC" }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# This does tuple assignment (a, b) = (1, 2)\n", "a, b = 1, 2" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 105, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "cDO-j3vcH9eT", "outputId": "e875f298-da4c-4af4-f5e9-f2f98b2d5938" }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "1 2\n" ] } ], "source": [ "print (a, b)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 106, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "jlJIlNR3H9hS", "outputId": "cad50486-5178-4c2c-8c62-8a4afab7020e" }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "2 1\n" ] } ], "source": [ "temp = a\n", "a = b\n", "b = temp\n", "print(a, b)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 107, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "uIYiFZOuLedh", "outputId": "922dbde2-fdaa-48d2-c4bd-581d0098aa02" }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "1 2\n" ] } ], "source": [ "a, b = b, a\n", "print(a, b)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 108, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "g_tXomT2LeiC", "outputId": "f3f797a9-7779-4184-c92b-a306d2f1fc26" }, "outputs": [ { "ename": "NameError", "evalue": "name 'math' is not defined", "output_type": "error", "traceback": [ "\u001b[31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[39m", "\u001b[31mNameError\u001b[39m Traceback (most recent call last)", "\u001b[36mCell\u001b[39m\u001b[36m \u001b[39m\u001b[32mIn[108]\u001b[39m\u001b[32m, line 1\u001b[39m\n\u001b[32m----> \u001b[39m\u001b[32m1\u001b[39m \u001b[43mmath\u001b[49m.pi\n", "\u001b[31mNameError\u001b[39m: name 'math' is not defined" ] } ], "source": [ "math.pi" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 109, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/", "height": 35 }, "id": "BdkuLzYgLelB", "outputId": "cb9546c5-40aa-4c91-eef0-50cbb223a249" }, "outputs": [ { "ename": "NameError", "evalue": "name 'math' is not defined", "output_type": "error", "traceback": [ "\u001b[31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[39m", "\u001b[31mNameError\u001b[39m Traceback (most recent call last)", "\u001b[36mCell\u001b[39m\u001b[36m \u001b[39m\u001b[32mIn[109]\u001b[39m\u001b[32m, line 1\u001b[39m\n\u001b[32m----> \u001b[39m\u001b[32m1\u001b[39m spi = \u001b[38;5;28mstr\u001b[39m(\u001b[43mmath\u001b[49m.pi)\n\u001b[32m 2\u001b[39m spi\n", "\u001b[31mNameError\u001b[39m: name 'math' is not defined" ] } ], "source": [ "spi = str(math.pi)\n", "spi" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 110, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "edOrBJL7LeoC", "outputId": "ef59125e-79f1-4bed-ad23-6a1558f5a0c4" }, "outputs": [ { "ename": "NameError", "evalue": "name 'spi' is not defined", "output_type": "error", "traceback": [ "\u001b[31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[39m", "\u001b[31mNameError\u001b[39m Traceback (most recent call last)", "\u001b[36mCell\u001b[39m\u001b[36m \u001b[39m\u001b[32mIn[110]\u001b[39m\u001b[32m, line 1\u001b[39m\n\u001b[32m----> \u001b[39m\u001b[32m1\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;28mfloat\u001b[39m(\u001b[43mspi\u001b[49m)\n", "\u001b[31mNameError\u001b[39m: name 'spi' is not defined" ] } ], "source": [ "float(spi)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 111, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "i8rcSR-CLerB", "outputId": "3cadc689-601f-41a8-ccd0-c6d5e659006d" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "2351" ] }, "execution_count": 111, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "int(\"2351\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 112, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "NhvC6civsomA", "outputId": "857f66d4-a171-4376-a189-a69708b9a41a" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "5" ] }, "execution_count": 112, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "s = 'UNC Charlotte'\n", "s.find('har')" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 113, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "w4OGzNzMuMYf", "outputId": "e5b28d54-a3a9-4c6d-f4b9-9be2b51a4ea6" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "-1" ] }, "execution_count": 113, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "s.find('hare')" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 114, "metadata": { "id": "ezzWDYOTuP_u" }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "None" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 115, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "B3oKCPmkuRzF", "outputId": "d84e61fc-8ae9-4dbe-f0e2-e7202e45dab7" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "34" ] }, "execution_count": 115, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "s = \"UNC Charlotte's campus is full of hares.\"\n", "s.rfind('har')" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 116, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "q90UnvPpuegv", "outputId": "4a82dce5-a257-4fda-c0da-8740aa1af9b4" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "['UNC', \"Charlotte's\", 'campus', 'is', 'full', 'of', 'hares.']" ] }, "execution_count": 116, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "s.split()" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 117, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/", "height": 141 }, "id": "fO4OdktEumnw", "outputId": "52401b63-5a4d-48b0-84a2-69fc68aeaa4c" }, "outputs": [ { "ename": "SyntaxError", "evalue": "unterminated string literal (detected at line 1) (1253534556.py, line 1)", "output_type": "error", "traceback": [ " \u001b[36mCell\u001b[39m\u001b[36m \u001b[39m\u001b[32mIn[117]\u001b[39m\u001b[32m, line 1\u001b[39m\n\u001b[31m \u001b[39m\u001b[31ms = 'UNC Charlotte's campus is full of hares.'\u001b[39m\n ^\n\u001b[31mSyntaxError\u001b[39m\u001b[31m:\u001b[39m unterminated string literal (detected at line 1)\n" ] } ], "source": [ "s = 'UNC Charlotte's campus is full of hares.'" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 118, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/", "height": 35 }, "id": "Tn-uh61Au5Ea", "outputId": "a356559e-0d1e-4c25-bb36-50264e1d536f" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "\"UNC Charlotte's campus is full of hares.\"" ] }, "execution_count": 118, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "s" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 119, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "QJIiX7cyu-Lz", "outputId": "5d49fed5-0067-422e-d35a-2ef8eb720d8a" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "('charl', 'charl')" ] }, "execution_count": 119, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "s = 'charlotte'\n", "s[0:5], s[:5]" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 120, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/", "height": 35 }, "id": "gKvt2zYYvFjx", "outputId": "82a79c5b-09a1-4a92-d7a1-a933952b399d" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "'cal'" ] }, "execution_count": 120, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "s[0:5:2]" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 121, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "PLVWR2n9vJRo", "outputId": "31f63a0e-dcd5-4ce6-d31c-f10eacfeb391" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "('e', 't', 'te')" ] }, "execution_count": 121, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "s[-1], s[-2], s[-2:]" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 122, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/", "height": 35 }, "id": "jYwR8Y_DvRG8", "outputId": "bd144b7a-2292-4c88-aa24-1d34758a9341" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "'ettolrahc'" ] }, "execution_count": 122, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "s[::-1]" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 123, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/", "height": 35 }, "id": "Iq2gdMaPvV8D", "outputId": "a6f90467-5b11-475e-bfb2-941d6597cf2a" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "'charlotte'" ] }, "execution_count": 123, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "s" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 124, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/", "height": 176 }, "id": "Y4f9lcOwvdzs", "outputId": "f48357ef-293b-40c8-b747-e57c60269aa2" }, "outputs": [ { "ename": "TypeError", "evalue": "'str' object does not support item assignment", "output_type": "error", "traceback": [ "\u001b[31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[39m", "\u001b[31mTypeError\u001b[39m Traceback (most recent call last)", "\u001b[36mCell\u001b[39m\u001b[36m \u001b[39m\u001b[32mIn[124]\u001b[39m\u001b[32m, line 2\u001b[39m\n\u001b[32m 1\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# Python strings are immutable\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[32m----> \u001b[39m\u001b[32m2\u001b[39m \u001b[43ms\u001b[49m\u001b[43m[\u001b[49m\u001b[32;43m0\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m]\u001b[49m = \u001b[33m'\u001b[39m\u001b[33ms\u001b[39m\u001b[33m'\u001b[39m\n", "\u001b[31mTypeError\u001b[39m: 'str' object does not support item assignment" ] } ], "source": [ "# Python strings are immutable\n", "s[0] = 's'" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 125, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "NtkYQDz4viX9", "outputId": "00590ae2-4ee7-485e-dde7-22f97edac930" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "('charlotte', 'charlottecharlotte')" ] }, "execution_count": 125, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "s, s * 2" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 126, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/", "height": 35 }, "id": "MUWr3tgDv8wv", "outputId": "61268d26-7ae8-4f4b-83b3-b6ecc0a47ed2" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "'charlottecharlotte'" ] }, "execution_count": 126, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "s + s" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 127, "metadata": { "id": "H3665QcUv-3P" }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "x = list(range(1, 11))" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 128, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "P5tMfr0VwC7W", "outputId": "833fa1e7-2942-4b23-a694-2fb840206511" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]" ] }, "execution_count": 128, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "x" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 129, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "ZUVa5yb1wDt_", "outputId": "aa1c48ac-a2a9-4cbd-f37a-25b6b1477663" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "([1, 3, 5, 7, 9], [2, 4, 6, 8, 10])" ] }, "execution_count": 129, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "x[::2], x[1::2]" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 130, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "5uiQlDQQwKLP", "outputId": "072114b5-5c0f-46fd-ed60-86dbc11b371f" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "[1, 2, 5, 4, 5, 9, 7, 8, 9, 10]" ] }, "execution_count": 130, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "x[2] += 2\n", "x[5] += 3\n", "x" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 131, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "Ty_WviDiwYQ4", "outputId": "77123e49-ab78-4809-a298-60b8b2fac9e1" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "[20, 40, 80, 100]" ] }, "execution_count": 131, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "[j * 10 for j in x if j % 2 == 0]\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 132, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "5GnipSWcwsoq", "outputId": "aafddc3a-7522-4628-efdb-990cbedaff1f" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "[2, 4, 8, 10]" ] }, "execution_count": 132, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "[j for j in x if j % 2 == 0]" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 133, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "SWTMmrm5w5TD", "outputId": "c3d92880-16f6-47c1-f1b0-7586320fdbf0" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "[1, 2, 5, 4, 5, 9, 7, 8, 9, 10]" ] }, "execution_count": 133, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "x" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 134, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "JrvnBrwSxne1", "outputId": "70ab964d-9ea3-4464-900a-3f40470aeb14" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "(1, 2, 5, 4, 5, 9, 7, 8, 9, 10)" ] }, "execution_count": 134, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "y = tuple(x)\n", "y" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 135, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/", "height": 176 }, "id": "IW7YfWvTxq1t", "outputId": "43d1a0a4-46ec-4c64-9c7f-fd1f5221678e" }, "outputs": [ { "ename": "TypeError", "evalue": "'tuple' object does not support item assignment", "output_type": "error", "traceback": [ "\u001b[31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[39m", "\u001b[31mTypeError\u001b[39m Traceback (most recent call last)", "\u001b[36mCell\u001b[39m\u001b[36m \u001b[39m\u001b[32mIn[135]\u001b[39m\u001b[32m, line 1\u001b[39m\n\u001b[32m----> \u001b[39m\u001b[32m1\u001b[39m \u001b[43my\u001b[49m\u001b[43m[\u001b[49m\u001b[32;43m0\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m]\u001b[49m = \u001b[32m0\u001b[39m\n", "\u001b[31mTypeError\u001b[39m: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment" ] } ], "source": [ "y[0] = 0" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 136, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "Mlv46mNNxs1V", "outputId": "781eb97a-e6e4-478b-ad30-e75f7d4ddf4e" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "tuple" ] }, "execution_count": 136, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "def prod_sum(a, b):\n", " return a + b, a * b\n", "\n", "y = prod_sum(2, 3)\n", "type(y)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 137, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "EC5-hyeCx89H", "outputId": "a0cac2da-084a-46c3-f550-8cc56bc26375" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "(5, 6)" ] }, "execution_count": 137, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "y" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 138, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "9GgzPwmVyDXP", "outputId": "871fd34e-3783-4bc3-fe6a-095cabdfd237" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "(5,)" ] }, "execution_count": 138, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "(5,)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 139, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "CfslZoRmyFww", "outputId": "9ba5885d-3e85-4141-a7b9-50bb7885d4f5" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "1" ] }, "execution_count": 139, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "a" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 140, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "gqvr-figr92q", "outputId": "324660f3-682f-486d-8002-4cf85716181b" }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "\n", "{'john': 23, 'alex': 25, 'bill': 99}\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# Dictionaries\n", "d = {'john': 23, 'alex': 25, 'bill': 99}\n", "print(type(d))\n", "print(d)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 141, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "sWEcesL3r96v", "outputId": "e4c4fa1b-067d-4e71-c075-5f8e786a4f47" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "True" ] }, "execution_count": 141, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "'alex' in d" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 142, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "2jY2ygw4L3q7", "outputId": "74171846-a88b-4354-a36e-63dd7c9adb2d" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "False" ] }, "execution_count": 142, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "'mary' in d" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 143, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "JhWnvhmZL3wU", "outputId": "262fe289-b268-4ad7-99b9-10c2bf812b0e" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "{'john': 23, 'alex': 25, 'bill': 99, 'mary': 30}" ] }, "execution_count": 143, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "d['mary'] = 30\n", "d" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 144, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "dVXSYU96L-4G", "outputId": "2c767f1a-07aa-4fb7-f8ea-9c7a1e5eda07" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "{'john': 35, 'alex': 25, 'bill': 99, 'mary': 30}" ] }, "execution_count": 144, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "d['john'] = 35\n", "d" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 145, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/", "height": 144 }, "id": "RHFw8DCYL-7O", "outputId": "e394de71-3768-44aa-b714-17f473f94635" }, "outputs": [ { "ename": "KeyError", "evalue": "'harry'", "output_type": "error", "traceback": [ "\u001b[31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[39m", "\u001b[31mKeyError\u001b[39m Traceback (most recent call last)", "\u001b[36mCell\u001b[39m\u001b[36m \u001b[39m\u001b[32mIn[145]\u001b[39m\u001b[32m, line 1\u001b[39m\n\u001b[32m----> \u001b[39m\u001b[32m1\u001b[39m \u001b[43md\u001b[49m\u001b[43m[\u001b[49m\u001b[33;43m'\u001b[39;49m\u001b[33;43mharry\u001b[39;49m\u001b[33;43m'\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m]\u001b[49m\n", "\u001b[31mKeyError\u001b[39m: 'harry'" ] } ], "source": [ "d['harry']" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 146, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "qCQs8VGcL--V", "outputId": "cec8eb9e-5469-48ba-bdfe-cc94920a3f9c" }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "{'john': 35, 'alex': 25, 'bill': 99, 'mary': 30, 'harry': 10, 'barry': 10}\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# Two solutions for initializing value (if key non-existent) or updating value (if key exists in dictionary).\n", "\n", "key = 'harry'\n", "# Solution 1\n", "if key in d:\n", " d[key] += 10\n", "else:\n", " d[key] = 10\n", "\n", "key = 'barry'\n", "#Solution 2\n", "d[key] = d.get(key, 0) + 10\n", "\n", "print(d)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 147, "metadata": { "id": "kuJwZ3tJL_Bs" }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "del d['harry']\n", "del d['barry']" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "metadata": { "id": "glGtggioL_FV" }, "outputs": [], "source": [] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 148, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "KCeQYGlmLetx", "outputId": "e18eb2f3-008d-4c02-d5d8-238201e44169" }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "I'm tired\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# Note right-branching effect of if-else, and one way of including quotes in a Python string.\n", "a = 5\n", "if a == 0:\n", " print('nada')\n", "else:\n", " if a == 1:\n", " print('uno')\n", " else:\n", " if a == 2:\n", " print('dos')\n", " else:\n", " if a == 3:\n", " print('tres')\n", " else:\n", " print(\"I'm tired\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 149, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "-s5gi8CUMQJD", "outputId": "677c16d2-e417-4fd8-93a8-9b1a7153fb5d" }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "I'm tired\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# elif statements eliminate right-branching.\n", "a = 5\n", "if a == 0:\n", " print('nada')\n", "elif a == 1:\n", " print('uno')\n", "elif a == 2:\n", " print('dos')\n", "elif a == 3:\n", " print('tres')\n", "else:\n", " print(\"I'm tired\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 150, "metadata": { "id": "N3f1jLHfMQMI" }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# If x belongs to a, return True (else with for).\n", "def search(a, x):\n", " for e in a:\n", " if e == x:\n", " return True\n", " else:\n", " return False" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 151, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "KZrZeYPsMQPS", "outputId": "dfa578d2-2b21-47dd-9483-dc6bfca7d808" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "False" ] }, "execution_count": 151, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "search([1, 2, 3, 5], 4)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 152, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "otKvxAeIP5lr", "outputId": "72e4d7ba-999f-4b30-b98b-523d8610c563" }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "[1, 2, 3, 4]\n" ] } ], "source": [ "l1 = [1, 2, 3]\n", "l1.append(4)\n", "print(l1)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 153, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/", "height": 0 }, "id": "0miFsyAxOeHi", "outputId": "e6abca38-74d3-408f-e052-0063beaa2906" }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "[1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584, 4181, 6765, 10946, 17711, 28657, 46368, 75025, 121393, 196418, 317811, 514229, 832040]\n" ] } ], "source": [ "# Fibonnacci numbers 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, ...\n", "# Function that generates a list with the first n Fibonnacci numbers.\n", "def fibo1(n):\n", " if n == 1:\n", " return [1]\n", "\n", " if n == 2:\n", " return [1, 1]\n", "\n", " a, b = 1, 1\n", " result = [a, b]\n", " for _ in range(n-2):\n", " a, b = b, a + b\n", " result.append(b)\n", "\n", " return result\n", "\n", "print(fibo1(30))" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 154, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "JqJ-U-vSRNWk", "outputId": "88f7afb7-2739-4601-d4b1-78c19829e141" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "354224848179261915075" ] }, "execution_count": 154, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "# Fibonnacci numbers 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, ...\n", "# Function that generates the nth Fibonnacci numbers.\n", "def fibo1(n):\n", " a, b = 0, 1\n", " for _ in range(n):\n", " a, b = b, a + b\n", "\n", " return a\n", "\n", "fibo1(100)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/", "height": 321 }, "id": "OrQHZ203PQ0R", "outputId": "50e17c3c-b9d6-4f60-a745-a9564d450cad" }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# Fibonnacci numbers 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, ...\n", "# Function that generates the nth Fibonnaci number\n", "def fibo2(n):\n", " if n == 1:\n", " return 1\n", "\n", " if n == 2:\n", " return 1\n", "\n", " return fibo2(n-1) + fibo2(n-2)\n", "\n", "fibo2(100)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 156, "metadata": { "id": "AzNNNnx8OeNZ" }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "def fibo():\n", " a, b, = 1, 1\n", " while True:\n", " yield a\n", " a, b = b, a + b" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 157, "metadata": { "id": "7sZP80ZrOeWH" }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "gen = fibo()" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 158, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/", "height": 0 }, "id": "o67fzqKLOef-", "outputId": "588b6749-870b-4a20-8a12-b0f7f2afa974" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "1" ] }, "execution_count": 158, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "next(gen)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 159, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/", "height": 0 }, "id": "btYorKcEMQSb", "outputId": "e77bc600-3210-42a0-db39-bb38bb4da1fe" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "1" ] }, "execution_count": 159, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "next(gen)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 160, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/", "height": 0 }, "id": "EnXXXl2OMQV0", "outputId": "2ca682f9-386c-49b3-c117-395a752c2e1b" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "2" ] }, "execution_count": 160, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "next(gen)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 161, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/", "height": 0 }, "id": "HOt_9LArLexB", "outputId": "4bb69b1a-16f9-4244-8eff-d7e58521815a" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "3" ] }, "execution_count": 161, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "next(gen)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 162, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/", "height": 0 }, "id": "tId5tC85Le0A", "outputId": "0413ed2b-96c8-4b77-fa6a-2628fe1d4186" }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987 1597 2584 4181 6765 10946 17711 28657 46368 " ] } ], "source": [ "for _ in range(20):\n", " print(next(gen), end = ' ')" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 164, "metadata": { "id": "C0btsslbvPfo" }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# Use `cmath` if you need to generate complex numbers.\n", "import math\n", "\n", "def quad_sol(a, b, c):\n", " \"\"\"\n", " This function calculates the solutions of a quadratic equation ...\n", " \"\"\"\n", " term = math.sqrt(b * b - 4 * a * c)\n", " sol1 = (-b + term) / (2 * a)\n", " sol2 = (-b - term) / (2 * a)\n", "\n", " return sol1, sol2" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 165, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "PwzQad_WwIcr", "outputId": "8b1796a5-10eb-4d5e-f644-6b37370045c1" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "(3.0, 1.0)" ] }, "execution_count": 165, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "quad_sol(1, -4, 3)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 166, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "l5pteSSpKPgI", "outputId": "72c4a0f3-b652-4325-e965-f0f982e29df7" }, "outputs": [ { "ename": "ValueError", "evalue": "math domain error", "output_type": "error", "traceback": [ "\u001b[31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[39m", "\u001b[31mValueError\u001b[39m Traceback (most recent call last)", "\u001b[36mCell\u001b[39m\u001b[36m \u001b[39m\u001b[32mIn[166]\u001b[39m\u001b[32m, line 1\u001b[39m\n\u001b[32m----> \u001b[39m\u001b[32m1\u001b[39m \u001b[43mquad_sol\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[32;43m1\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[32;43m1\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[32;43m1\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n", "\u001b[36mCell\u001b[39m\u001b[36m \u001b[39m\u001b[32mIn[164]\u001b[39m\u001b[32m, line 8\u001b[39m, in \u001b[36mquad_sol\u001b[39m\u001b[34m(a, b, c)\u001b[39m\n\u001b[32m 4\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;28;01mdef\u001b[39;00m\u001b[38;5;250m \u001b[39m\u001b[34mquad_sol\u001b[39m(a, b, c):\n\u001b[32m 5\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;250m \u001b[39m\u001b[33;03m\"\"\"\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[32m 6\u001b[39m \u001b[33;03m This function calculates the solutions of a quadratic equation ...\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[32m 7\u001b[39m \u001b[33;03m \"\"\"\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[32m----> \u001b[39m\u001b[32m8\u001b[39m term = \u001b[43mmath\u001b[49m\u001b[43m.\u001b[49m\u001b[43msqrt\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43mb\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43m*\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43mb\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43m-\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[32;43m4\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43m*\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43ma\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43m*\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[43mc\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[32m 9\u001b[39m sol1 = (-b + term) / (\u001b[32m2\u001b[39m * a)\n\u001b[32m 10\u001b[39m sol2 = (-b - term) / (\u001b[32m2\u001b[39m * a)\n", "\u001b[31mValueError\u001b[39m: math domain error" ] } ], "source": [ "quad_sol(1, 1, 1)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 167, "metadata": { "id": "VrW0O6pYwP6g" }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "def seq1():\n", " a = [1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 16, 22, 29, 37, 46, 56, 67, 79, 94]\n", " while True:\n", " for e in a:\n", " yield e" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 168, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "uMUWtpww4v2z", "outputId": "ed1f05fa-7f1f-49c2-c506-c14ac7986ff4" }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "1 2 4 7 11 16 22 29 37 46 56 67 79 94 1 2 4 7 11 16 22 29 37 46 56 67 79 94 1 2 " ] } ], "source": [ "gen1 = seq1()\n", "for i in range(30):\n", " print(next(gen1), end = ' ')" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 169, "metadata": { "id": "FQ095kra47ux" }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "def seq2():\n", " a, d = 1, 1\n", " while True:\n", " yield a\n", " a, d = a + d, d + 1" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 170, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "tbiXkH9Q5Ufc", "outputId": "ad8e771d-2299-4579-bdb9-6c4507774bac" }, "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "1 2 4 7 11 16 22 29 37 46 56 67 79 92 106 121 137 154 172 191 211 232 254 277 301 326 352 379 407 436 " ] } ], "source": [ "gen2 = seq2()\n", "for i in range(30):\n", " print(next(gen2), end = ' ')" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": { "id": "jte1vvgIKcCE" }, "source": [ "Write a function `find_sublist(a, b)` that returns `True` if and only if the list `b` appears somewhere in `a`. For example:\n", "* `find_sublist([-10, 2, 5, -2, 3], [2, 5])` should return `True`.\n", "* `find_sublist([-10, 2, 5, -2, 3], [2, 7])` should return `False`." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 171, "metadata": { "id": "5i0D3i_O1Xpl" }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "def find_sublist(a, b):\n", " for i in range(len(a)):\n", " # Try to see if b appears starting at position i in a.\n", " found = True\n", " for j in range(len(b)):\n", " if b[j] != a[i + j]:\n", " found = False\n", " break\n", " if found:\n", " return True\n", " return False" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 172, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "iKxvI1coExps", "outputId": "0f46be8b-5873-4505-ee4e-0eb482833d8f" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "True" ] }, "execution_count": 172, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "a = [-10, 2, 5, -2, 3]\n", "b1 = [2, 5]\n", "b2 = [2, 5, -2]\n", "b3 = [2, 7]\n", "\n", "find_sublist(a, b1)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 173, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "_uw5_fPME1IB", "outputId": "683db210-0538-42e6-d14f-d27bacaba39e" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "True" ] }, "execution_count": 173, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "find_sublist(a, b2)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 174, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "w_I0kk9fE29H", "outputId": "9b2b19f2-e463-437d-fa5d-6e1ab982e660" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "False" ] }, "execution_count": 174, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "find_sublist(a, b3)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": { "id": "MhHQz2liLJ7C" }, "source": [ "The `for` loop in Python can have an `else` clause which gets executed if the loop ends normally." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 175, "metadata": { "id": "ypXk7yW9E4rH" }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "def find_sublist(a, b):\n", " for i in range(len(a)):\n", " for j in range(len(b)):\n", " if b[j] != a[i + j]:\n", " break\n", " else:\n", " return True\n", " return False" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": 176, "metadata": { "colab": { "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/" }, "id": "t1UROGmMGBR3", "outputId": "c6a9b233-1513-4877-d9d3-da8464f8f6fe" }, "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ "(True, True, False)" ] }, "execution_count": 176, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "source": [ "find_sublist(a, b1), find_sublist(a, b2), find_sublist(a, b3)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": { "id": "zpaLk5wzLeVy" }, "source": [ "# Practice problems\n", "\n", "* Write a function `remove_duplicates(a)` that takes as input a sorted list and return a list where all duplicates are removed. For example, `remove_duplicates([1, 2, 2, 4, 6, 6, 6, 9, 10, 11, 11, 11, 11, 13, 14, 14])` should return `[1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14]`.\n", "\n", "* Write a function `remove_duplicates(a)` that removes duplicates from a list that is not necessarily sorted. For example, `remove_duplicates([-3, 4, 2, 4, -3, 2])` should return `[-3, 4, 2]`.\n", "\n", "* Write a function to find the longest common prefix string amongst an array of strings. For example, `longest-prefix([\"flower\",\"flow\",\"flight\"])` should return `'fl'`.\n", "\n", "* Generate a list of all permutations of the elements in a list. For example, `perm([1, 2, 3])` should output `[[1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 2], [2, 1, 3], [2, 1, 3], [3, 1, 2], [3, 2, 1]]`.\n", "\n", "* Consider a pre-order tree representation using lists, where a tree T with the value `R` in the root node and subtrees T1, T2, ..., Tn is represented as a list `[R, T1 T2, ..., Tn]`. For example, [this tree](https://webpages.charlotte.edu/rbunescu/courses/itcs5356/tree.svg) would be represented as `[2, [7, [2], [10], [6, [5], [11]]], [5, [9, [4]]]]`. Write the functions:\n", " - `count_nodes(t)` that count the nodes of a tree. For the tree above it should return `10`.\n", " - `count_leaves(t)` that counts the leaves of a tree. For the tree above it should return `5`.\n", " - `height(t)` that calculates the height of a tree. The the tree above it should return `3`.\n", " - `find(t, x)` that returns `Treu` if and only if t contains the number `x`." ] } ], "metadata": { "colab": { "provenance": [] }, "kernelspec": { "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)", "language": "python", "name": "python3" }, "language_info": { "codemirror_mode": { "name": "ipython", "version": 3 }, "file_extension": ".py", "mimetype": "text/x-python", "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", "version": "3.12.4" } }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 4 }