Objectives

Control
Escort
Flashpoint
Hybrid
Push

Two teams fight over a capture point in a best-of-three format. While a team has control over a capture point, that team will gain capture percentage until they reach 100%, and the team that reaches 100% first wins the round. Overtime will be triggered if one team has reached 99% and the point is currently being contested. This game mode does not have a time limit, unlike others. (Overwatch Wiki)
The attacking team must escort a payload to a delivery point, while the defending team attempts to prevent them until the timer runs out. Each map has three checkpoints between the starting position and delivery point which, when reached, will increase the timer and move both teams' spawn locations. Overtime will be triggered if time runs out while the payload is being contested by the attacking team. (Overwatch Wiki)
Five total capture points and a team must capture three to win the game. Flashpoints' capture speed is much faster than a Control capture point. Once a team captures a point, the next point will unlock after 40 seconds. The first point to unlock is always in the center of the map, but the subsequent points may be any of the other four, as long as it has not already been used during that match. Team spawns will change locations as flashpoints are captured and the objective moves around the map. (Overwatch Wiki)
Starts with an Assault capture point and continues with an Escort objective. Once the attacking team captures the initial point, both teams' spawn locations are moved. The payload is then unlocked, and players must escort the payload through two checkpoints to win. Overtime will be triggered if time runs out while the payload or capture point is being contested by the attacking team. (Overwatch Wiki)
Two teams fight to escort a robot who pushes an objective onto the opposite (enemy) side of the map. Each map has two checkpoints along the objective path. When a team escorts the robot past the first enemy checkpoint, their spawn is moved up to forward spawn. If neither team reaches both checkpoints, the team that pushed their objective the furthest wins. Overtime will trigger if the team with less progress has possession of the robot when time expires. (Overwatch Wiki)