When Tresckow was sent to the Eastern Front, Stauffenberg in
effect, became the instigator of the coup. His first priority
was to secure the services of someone who was willing to give
their life for the sake of ridding Germany of Hitler. The first
bona fide candidate was Captain Axel von dem Bussche who was
recommended by Schulenburg. Bussche was a decorated war veteran
who had come to despise Hitler in 1942 after witnessing a mass
execution of Jews in Ukraine. He was more than willing to do
the deed. Stauffenberg was able to procure several pounds of a
British explosive compound through the Abwehr and his plan was
to have Bussche blow himself up while modeling new army uniforms
for Hitler. Hitler, however, cancelled the presentation. This
scenario was repeated several times through the end of 1943 into
early 1944 with no success.
Stauffenberg now decided that he
alone would carry out the plans by his own hand because on June
6th 1944, Germany lost whatever diplomatic leverage
it had as the Allies invaded in Normandy. Within two weeks of
the invasion, Allied forces in both theaters of combat had
paralyzed German troop movements. “Hitler, more than ever
convinced of the incompetence of his generals, promised new
forces.”[24] Where these supposed forces looked good on paper
in reality they were an outright fiction. Consequently, help
for the beleaguered troops at the front never arrived. And
while Stauffenberg and the conspirators waited for the
opportunity to strike, the noose slowly began to tighten around
Germany’s neck.
In
order to start the bomb ticking, so to speak, Stauffenberg would
have to grasp a pair of pliers with the three good fingers of
his left hand to break an acid capsule which ate the timed fuse
down to the point of discharge. He would keep the bomb
concealed in his briefcase because the chances of it getting
searched were minimal. By now, Stauffenberg had become Fromm’s
chief-of-staff and therefore had almost daily access to Hitler.
His first attempt was on July 11th when he was
summoned to Hitler’s mountain retreat in Bavaria named
Berchtesgaden.
Stauffenberg
had initially hoped to get Hitler, Heinrich Himmler, and Hermann
Goering in one fell swoop. Goering was the head of the
Luftwaffe (German Air Force) and architect of the Final
Solution. Himmler was head of the Schutzstaffel more commonly
known as the SS and was charged with carrying out Goering’s
plan. Over time, Stauffenberg dismissed Goering as a target
because it was felt that he would not have much influence over a
coup attempt. Himmler, on the other hand who was the master of
a state within a state with his SS minions, could pose a severe
problem in a post coup reality. With combat beginning to inch
ever closer to Germany’s borders Stauffenberg decided, at the
very least to make a go of killing Hitler whether or not Himmler
was there hoping that once the head was dead then perhaps the
arms would die with it. He tried again on July 15th
but again to no avail. As other conspirators began to doubt
that the coup would be successful as well as timely due to the
Allied advance, Stauffenberg remarked to them, “But even worse
than failure…is to yield to shame and coercion without a
struggle."[25] On July 20th, he would finally get
his chance.
Leaving
Berlin on the morning of July 20th with his aide
Werner von Haeften and General Helmut Steiff who were both
involved in the conspiracy, they arrived in
Rastenburg, East Prussia, which
was home to Hitler’s Eastern Front Headquarters code named
Wolfschanze, before noon for the Fuhrer’s midday conference.
Stauffenberg ensconced himself in an office where he was able to
break the acid capsule and start the fuse. He then proceeded to
the conference room and tried to get a good spot to place the
bomb. Because he was a junior officer, he would not be able to
place himself directly beside Hitler so instead chose one end of
the table and placed the bomb on the inside of the table
support. Then, feigning some important task, Stauffenberg left
the conference room and proceeded to join his aide who had their
staff car ready to go. It was just after 12:40 PM. “Suddenly,
as witnesses later recounted, a deafening crack shattered the
midday quiet and a bluish yellow flame rocketed skyward."[26]
Believing that Hitler could not have survived the explosion Stauffenberg and Haeften were able to bluff their way out of
Wolfschanze and board a plane for the return trip to Berlin.
Hopefully, Operation Valkyrie would already be in motion by the
time they returned.
Home
To Failure and Fallout
Site designed and maintained by Bill Jeffers
KING124@aol.com
Copyright 2005
Public History at the University of North
Carolina at Charlotte
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Captain Axel von dem Bussche
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the willing assassin who was duped by circumstance
Riechsmarshall Hermann
Goering
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Chief of the Luftwaffe and architect of "The Final Solution"
Riechsfuhrer Heinrich Himmler
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Leader of the SS and a threat to the success of the coup
Stauffenberg (far left) meeting
with Hitler five days before the assassination attempt at Wolfschanze, July 15th, 1944
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