Standard (National and International) -

• A physical reference for any measurement entity or quantity, approved by an authority or committee such as a (Inter)National Standards Organization. See also International System of Units, primary standard, secondary standard, reference standard, transfer standard , and traveling standard.
• A document, or any part therof, containing definitions and methods concerning any given subject matter, approved by an authority (including national and international organizations). Includes definitions of word usage and how to accomplish various tasks including any rules or regulations.
• Often used to describe a common or approved procedure or notation.
• Ancient codes, such as the following quote attributed to King Solomon, considered standards very important  -  "Divers (nonstandard) weights and divers measures, both of them alike are an abomination to the LORD."  Proverbs 20:15   (KJV), parenthetical portion added for clarity].